Present perfect continuous
Present perfect continuous
ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS
El «present perfect continuous» se refiere a un periodo temporal inespecífico situado entre el pasado y el presente. El hablante se refiere a algo que empezó y que puede no haber concluido en ese periodo de tiempo.
¿Cómo se construye el present perfect continuous?
La forma afirmativa
| SUBJECT | AUXILIAR | BEEN | VERB (-ING) | EXAMPLES |
| I | Have ‘ve | I have been waiting for two hours. (yo) He estado esperando durante dos horas. | ||
| you | have ‘ve | You have been waiting for two hours. (tú) Has estado esperando durante dos horas. | ||
| He | He has been waiting for two hours. (él) Ha estado esperando durante dos horas. | |||
| She | has ‘s | Been | waiting | She has been waiting for two hours. (ella) Ha estado esperando durante dos horas. |
| it | Been | waiting | it has been waiting for two hours. (ello) Ha estado esperando durante dos horas. | |
| We | We have been waiting for two hours. (nosotros/as) Hemos estado esperando durante dos horas. | |||
| You | have ‘ve | You have been waiting for two hours. (vosotros/as) Habéis estado esperando durante dos horas. | ||
| They | They have been waiting for two hours. (ellos/as) Han estado esperando durante dos horas. |
Por supuesto, no todos los verbos son compatibles con la acción continua. Algunos ejemplos de tales verbos son to be, to arrive, and to own. (ser, llegar y poseer).
- Incorrecto: have been owning my Mazda since 2007. / he sido dueño de mi Mazda desde 2007.
- Correcto: I have owned my Mazda since 2007. (present perfect tense) / Soy dueño de mi Mazda desde 2007 (presente perfecto).
- Incorrecto: Gus has been being late for work recently. / Gus ha llegado tarde al trabajo recientemente
- Correcto: Gus has been late for work recently. (present perfect tense)/ Gus ha llegado tarde al trabajo recientemente. (pretérito perfecto)
El verbo principal es invariable en forma de participio presente: -ing
Para las oraciones negativas insertamos “no” después del primer verbo auxiliar.
Para las oraciones de preguntas, intercambiamos el sujeto y el primer verbo auxiliar.
subject | auxiliary verb | auxiliary verb | main verb | |||
| + | I | have | been | waiting | for one hour. | |
| + | You | have | been | talking | too much. | |
| – | It | has | not | been | raining. | |
| – | We | have | not | been | playing | football. |
| ? | Have | you | been | seeing | her? | |
| ? | Have | they | been | doing | their homework? |
- I have been waiting for one hour.
He estado esperando una hora.
- You have been talking too much.
Has estado hablando demasiado
- It has not been raining.
No ha estado lloviendo.
- We have not been playing football.
Nosotros no hemos estado jugando futbol
- Have you been seeing her?
¿La has estado viendo?
- Have they been doing their homework?
¿Han estado haciendo sus deberes?
Contracción con presente perfecto continuo
Cuando usamos el tiempo presente perfecto continuo al hablar, a menudo contraemos el sujeto y el primer verbo auxiliar. A veces también hacemos esto por escrito informal.
| I have been Yo he estado | I’ve been Yo he estado |
| You have been tu has estado | You’ve been tu has estado |
| He has been él ha estado She has been ella ha estado It has been ha estado John has been Jonh ha estado The car has been el auto ha sido | He’s been él ha estado She’s been ella ha estado It’s been ha estado John’s been Jonh ha estado The car’s been el auto ha sido |
| We have been Nosotros hemos estado | We’ve been Nosotros hemos estado |
| They have been ellos han estado | They’ve been ellos han estado |
- I’ve been reading.
He estado leyendo.
- Jenny’s been helping us recently.
Jenny nos ha estado ayudando recientemente.
- In negative sentences, we may contract the first auxiliary verb and «not»:
En oraciones negativas, podemos contraer el primer verbo auxiliar y «no»:
- I haven’t been playing tennis.
No he jugado al tenis.
- It hasn’t been snowing.
No ha estado nevando.
For (por) and Since (desde) con el presente perfecto continuo
A menudo usamos for y since con tiempos perfectos:
Usamos para hablar de un período de tiempo: three hours, two months, one decade (tres horas, dos meses, una década)
Usamos desde para hablar de un punto en el tiempo pasado: 9 o’clock, 1st January, Monday (9 en punto, 1 de enero, lunes).
| For para | since |
| a period of time un periodo de tiempo | a point in past time |
| 30 minutes 30 minutos | 10.00am |
| four days cuatro días | Friday |
| 3 months 3 meses | March |
| 2 years 2 años | 2010 |
| 3 centuries 3 siglos | 1700 |
| Ages siglos | I left school |
| Ever nunca | the beginning of time |
Observe estas oraciones de ejemplo usando for y since con el tiempo presente perfecto continuo:
- I have been studying for three hours.
Llevo tres horas estudiando.
- I have been watching TV since 7pm
He estado viendo televisión desde las 7 de la tarde.
- She hasn’t been feeling well for two weeks.
Ella no se ha sentido bien durante dos semanas.
- Tara hasn’t been visiting us since March.
Tare no nos visita desde marzo.
- He has been playing football for a long time.
Lleva mucho tiempo jugando al fútbol.
- He has been living in Bangkok since he left school.
Vive en Bangkok desde que dejó la escuela.
Recuerda… CUALQUIER examen oficial está en examenexam, la plataforma online número 1.
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