{"id":8486,"date":"2021-05-14T09:19:39","date_gmt":"2021-05-14T09:19:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elblogdeidiomas.es\/?p=8486"},"modified":"2021-10-26T10:08:38","modified_gmt":"2021-10-26T10:08:38","slug":"the-16-rules-of-esperanto","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elblogdeidiomas.es\/en\/the-16-rules-of-esperanto\/","title":{"rendered":"The 16 rules of Esperanto"},"content":{"rendered":"

The 16 rules of Esperanto:<\/h2>\n

We have already tried to convince you on another occasion to study Esperanto if you have already thought about it. Because, as we told you, it is a language whose objective is to get speakers from all over the world, so that since it is an artificial language, everyone studies it on equal terms. In addition, we also tell you how easy it was going to be since it is a language with only 16 grammar rules that if you master them, you will be able to speak and understand perfectly.<\/p>\n

Dr. Zamenhof, its creator, also proposed that it be a very easy language to learn so that anyone could do it without much work. Therefore, he thought it would be good to create grammar without complications and, especially, without exceptions, which is what often makes languages \u200b\u200ba bit hard to study, as well as complex.<\/p>\n

Rules of Esperanto<\/h2>\n

Before we start, we want you to know, as a general rule and that it will facilitate the study of the other 16, that Esperanto uses the Latin alphabet. It adds some additional symbols that you will see that they are easy; that is, it has 28 basic letters. Among them, the five vowels must be highlighted, the same as in Spanish (a, e, i, o, u), and each of these vowels within the words marks a syllable.<\/p>\n

Well, let’s go there, here you have explained all the grammar of the Esperanto language, which we hope that with this article will help you to master and thus to introduce you to this language fully:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. In Esperanto, there is only the indefinite article\u00a0la<\/em><\/strong> , which will be used the same for all genders, numbers, and cases.\u00a0There is no indefinite article: La arbo estas granda<\/em>\u00a0(the tree is big).<\/li>\n
  2. The\u00a0nouns<\/strong>\u00a0are formed by\u00a0adding one\u00a0or<\/em>\u00a0a root and to form the plural one is added\u00a0j<\/em>\u00a0to the singular.\u00a0For the direct or accusative object an\u00a0n<\/em>\u00a0is added\u00a0after the\u00a0o<\/em>\u00a0or\u00a0oj.\u00a0<\/em>The rest of the cases are expressed with prepositions:\u00a0La pano estas fre\u015da<\/em>\u00a0(the bread is fresh).<\/li>\n
  3. The\u00a0adjectives<\/strong>\u00a0are formed by\u00a0adding one\u00a0to<\/em>\u00a0the root, and cases and numbers as nouns.\u00a0The comparative is formed with\u00a0pli<\/em>\u00a0and the superlative with\u00a0ple<\/em>\u00a0j:\u00a0Mi man\u011das bonan panon<\/em>\u00a0(I\u00a0eat<\/em>\u00a0good bread).<\/li>\n
  4. The basic numbers<\/strong>\u00a0s are:\u00a0unu, du, tri, kvar, kvin, ses, sep, ok, na\u016d, dek<\/em>\u00a0(these are from 1 to 10),\u00a0cent<\/em>\u00a0(100),\u00a0thousand<\/em>\u00a0(1000).\u00a0The tens and hundreds are formed by joining the numerals (\u00a0674: ses sepdek kvar<\/em>\u00a0).\u00a0Ordinals are formed by adding the ending a\u00a0to<\/em>\u00a0the adjective (\u00a0dua: second<\/em>\u00a0).<\/li>\n
  5. The\u00a0personal pronouns are mi<\/em> (I), vi<\/em> (you), li<\/em> (he), \u015di<\/em> (she), \u011di\u00a0<\/em>(them), si<\/em> (reflexive), ni<\/em> (we), ili<\/em> (them), oni<\/em>\u00a0(impersonal)<\/strong>.\u00a0Possessive pronouns have the ending\u00a0a<\/em>\u00a0(\u00a0mia: mine<\/em>), and in the accusative\u00a0n<\/em>\u00a0(\u00a0nin: our<\/em>\u00a0).\u00a0In the following table you have all the Esperanto pronouns:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \n

    Personal pronouns<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    Possessive<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    Possessive pronouns in plural<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    Mi<\/td>\nI<\/td>\nMia<\/td>\nmy, mine, mine<\/td>\nMiaj<\/td>\nmy, mine, mine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Vi<\/td>\nYou, you \/ you<\/td>\nVia<\/td>\nYours, yours<\/td>\nViaj<\/td>\nYours, yours<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Li<\/td>\nThe<\/td>\nLia<\/td>\nhis<\/td>\nLiaj<\/td>\nhis, his, his<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u015ci<\/td>\nShe<\/td>\n\u015cia<\/td>\nhis, his, hers<\/td>\n\u015ciaj<\/td>\nhis, hers hers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u011ci<\/td>\nIt, that<\/td>\n\u011cia<\/td>\nhis, hers, hers or that<\/td>\n\u011ciaj<\/td>\nhis, his, hers, hers or that<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ni<\/td>\nUs, us<\/td>\nNia<\/td>\nour our<\/td>\nNiaj<\/td>\nour, our<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ili<\/td>\nthey, they<\/td>\nIlia<\/td>\nyours, yours, theirs or theirs<\/td>\nIliaj<\/td>\nyours, yours, theirs or theirs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Oni<\/td>\none people<\/td>\nOnia<\/td>\nof one, of the people<\/td>\nOniaj<\/td>\nthe ones of one, of the people<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Si<\/td>\nitself<\/td>\nSia<\/td>\nhis \/ her own<\/td>\nSiach<\/td>\nthe ones of himself<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Verb tenses<\/strong>\u00a0do not change according to person or number.\u00a0The present ends in\u00a0as<\/em>\u00a0, the past in\u00a0is<\/em>\u00a0, the future in\u00a0os<\/em>\u00a0, the conditional in\u00a0us<\/em>\u00a0, the imperative in\u00a0u,<\/em>\u00a0and the infinitive in\u00a0i<\/em>\u00a0.\u00a0There are active participles with\u00a0ant, int,<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0ont<\/em>\u00a0, and passive participles with\u00a0at, it,<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0ot.\u00a0<\/em>The preposition of liability is\u00a0of<\/em>\u00a0.\u00a0For example,\u00a0my amas: mi amas: I love,\u00a0li amis: He loved.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \n

    Infinitive<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    Past<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    Present<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    Future<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    Conditional<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    Imperative<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    ~ i<\/strong><\/td>\n~ is<\/strong><\/td>\n~ as<\/strong><\/td>\n~ you<\/strong><\/td>\n~ us<\/strong><\/td>\n~ u<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ami
    \nlove<\/td>\n    		Mi amis
    \nI loved<\/td>\n    		Vi amas
    \nyou love<\/td>\n    		Ni amos
    \nwe will love<\/td>\n    		Li amus
    \nHe would love<\/td>\n    		Vi amu
    \nlove you<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Present active participle<\/strong><\/td>\n-anta<\/em><\/td>\nEx:Mi estas amanta\u00a0(I am loving)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    P. active past<\/strong><\/td>\n-int<\/em><\/td>\nEx: Mi estas aminta (I have loved)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Future active participle<\/strong><\/td>\n-onta<\/em><\/td>\nEx: Mi estas amonta (I will be loving)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    P. present passive<\/strong><\/td>\n-ata<\/em><\/td>\nEx: Mi estas amata (I am being loved)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Passive past participle<\/strong><\/td>\n-ita<\/em><\/td>\nEx: Mi estas amita (I have been loved)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    P. future passive<\/strong><\/td>\n-ota<\/em><\/td>\nEx: Mi estas amota (I will be loved)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
      \n
    1. Adverbs are formed by adding\u00a0e<\/em>\u00a0to the stem (\u00a0amike: friendly<\/em>\u00a0).<\/li>\n
    2. Prepositions use the nominative.<\/li>\n
    3. Each word is read as it is written.\u00a0That is, each letter has a characteristic sound that does not vary depending on the one next to it.<\/li>\n
    4. The accent always falls on the penultimate syllable.<\/li>\n
    5. Compound words are formed by joining the roots of simple words, with the main root at the end.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \n

      Affix<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Meaning<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Example<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      Mal-<\/strong><\/td>\nContrary idea<\/td>\nvarma – malvarma (hot \/ cold)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Eks-<\/strong><\/td>\nFormer<\/td>\ndirektoro, eksdirektoro<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Pra-<\/strong><\/td>\nprimitive<\/td>\nhistorio, prahistorio<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Bo-<\/strong><\/td>\nPolitical kinship<\/td>\nfrato, bofrato (brother \/ brother-in-law)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Ge-<\/strong><\/td>\nBoth genders<\/td>\ngepatroj (father and mother)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Ek-<\/strong><\/td>\nStart<\/td>\nkrii, ekkrii (shout, exclaim)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Dis-<\/strong><\/td>\nseparation<\/td>\ndoni, disdoni (give, distribute)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Re-<\/strong><\/td>\nrepetition<\/td>\nfari, refari (do, redo)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      -a\u0109<\/strong><\/td>\nderogatory<\/td>\ndomo, doma\u0109o (house, shack)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      For-<\/strong><\/td>\noutside<\/td>\niri, foriri (go, go out)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Sam-<\/strong><\/td>\nsame<\/td>\nsamtempo (at the same time)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      jus-<\/strong><\/td>\nnewly<\/td>\njusvenita (newcomer)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Sen-<\/strong><\/td>\nwithout<\/td>\nSensento (nonsense)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Ne-<\/strong><\/td>\nNo, in-<\/td>\nneekzista (nonexistent)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Anta\u016d-<\/strong><\/td>\nbefore<\/td>\ndiri, anta\u016ddiri (say, predict)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      -ar<\/strong><\/td>\ncollective<\/td>\narbo, arbaro (tree, forest)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      -eg<\/strong><\/td>\naugmentative<\/td>\ngranda, grandega (big \/ immense)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      -et<\/strong><\/td>\ndiminutive<\/td>\ninfano, infaneto (child, little boy)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      -id<\/strong><\/td>\ndescendant<\/td>\nhundo, sunk (dog \/ puppy)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      -ist<\/strong><\/td>\nProfession<\/td>\npano panisto (bread, baker)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      -estr<\/strong><\/td>\nI send<\/td>\nurbo, urbestro (city \/ mayor)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      -an<\/strong><\/td>\nNeighbor, belonging<\/td>\nblunt, roman<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      -ul<\/strong><\/td>\nAn individual<\/td>\njuna, junulo (young \/ a young man)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      -ec<\/strong><\/td>\nAbstract quality<\/td>\nbela, beleco (beautiful, beauty)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      -er<\/strong><\/td>\nParticular element<\/td>\nmonkey, monero (money \/ currency)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      -il<\/strong><\/td>\ninstrument<\/td>\nkombi, kombilo (comb \/ comb)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      -ej<\/strong><\/td>\nLocal, site<\/td>\nlerni \/ lernejo (learn \/ school)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      -ad<\/strong><\/td>\nduration<\/td>\nparolo, parolado (talk \/ conversation)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      -ig<\/strong><\/td>\ndo<\/td>\nmorti, mortigi (die \/ kill)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      -i\u011d<\/strong><\/td>\nto be made<\/td>\nmorti, morti\u011di (to die \/ die)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      -ebl<\/strong><\/td>\npossible<\/td>\nvidi, videbla (see, visible)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      -em<\/strong><\/td>\nProne to<\/td>\nkredi, kredema (believe \/ gullible)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
        \n
      1. There is no double negation.\u00a0The word is\u00a0not<\/em>\u00a0said\u00a0ne<\/em>\u00a0, but it is not used if there is another negative word in the sentence.<\/li>\n
      2. The ending\u00a0n<\/em>\u00a0can also be used to indicate movement to a place.<\/li>\n
      3. Each preposition has a definite meaning.\u00a0However, there is a preposition\u00a0je<\/em>\u00a0that is used in a more free way, but is currently rarely used.<\/li>\n
      4. To adopt new words, apart from the possibility of combining existing roots, foreign words can be taken, adapting them to the Esperanto spelling and adding the corresponding endings.\u00a0It is about enriching the language, but without departing from its fundamental rules.<\/li>\n
      5. The\u00a0o<\/em>\u00a0of the ending of the nouns and the\u00a0a<\/em>\u00a0of the article can be eliminated and replaced by an apostrophe, for aesthetic reasons, but this is used almost exclusively in poetry.\u00a0For example, it is not usual in common usage to use\u00a0l’amiko<\/em>\u00a0.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
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        \n \u00a1D\u00e9janos unas estrellitas si te ha gustado el post!<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        The 16 rules of Esperanto: We have already tried to convince you on another occasion to study Esperanto if you...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2637,"featured_media":10451,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8073,8080,8092,8093,8094,8095,8130],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-level-a1-levels","category-level-a2-levels","category-level-b1-levels","category-level-b2-levels","category-level-c1-levels","category-level-c2-levels","category-learn-language","post_format-post-format-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/elblogdeidiomas.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8486","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/elblogdeidiomas.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/elblogdeidiomas.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elblogdeidiomas.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2637"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elblogdeidiomas.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8486"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/elblogdeidiomas.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8486\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12643,"href":"https:\/\/elblogdeidiomas.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8486\/revisions\/12643"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elblogdeidiomas.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10451"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/elblogdeidiomas.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8486"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elblogdeidiomas.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8486"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elblogdeidiomas.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8486"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}