{"id":6486,"date":"2021-03-12T08:16:02","date_gmt":"2021-03-12T08:16:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elblogdeidiomas.es\/?p=6486"},"modified":"2021-03-05T21:29:38","modified_gmt":"2021-03-05T21:29:38","slug":"auxiliary-verbs-and-modal-in-german-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elblogdeidiomas.es\/en\/auxiliary-verbs-and-modal-in-german-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Auxiliary verbs and modal in German"},"content":{"rendered":"

Auxiliary verbs and modal in\u00a0German<\/strong><\/h1>\n

There are six modal verbs in\u00a0German, which\u00a0are k\u00f6nnen, d\u00fcrfen, wollen, m\u00f6gen, sollen, and m\u00fcssen<\/strong>.\u00a0According to their meaning, they can be grouped into verbs that indicate possibility or permission, verbs that indicate will or desire, and verbs that indicate need.<\/p>\n

Also the verbs that we present to you now can be auxiliary, so they accompany other verbs, or autonomous verbs, that is, they can also be independent.<\/p>\n

Sein (to be)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

As an autonomous verb,\u00a0sein<\/strong>\u00a0can be found in many contexts, such as in Spanish: saying one’s profession, together with a noun, describing a psychological state, etc.\u00a0In\u00a0German\u00a0it is also used to indicate age.<\/p>\n

Sein is<\/em>\u00a0also used for the Perfect construction, mainly for verbs of movement: Gestern\u00a0ist<\/strong>\u00a0er ins Kino\u00a0gegangen<\/strong>.\u00a0(He went to the movies yesterday).<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
ich<\/td>\ncompartment<\/td>\nIch bin Konditor.<\/em><\/p>\n

(I am a pastry chef).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

du<\/td>\nbist<\/td>\nBist du zu Hause?<\/em><\/p>\n

Are you at home?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

er, si, eg<\/td>\nis<\/td>\nSie ist zwanzig.<\/em><\/p>\n

(He’s twenty.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

wir<\/td>\nSind<\/td>\nWir sind um 8 Uhr angekommen<\/em><\/p>\n

(We arrived at 8.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

ihr<\/td>\nseid<\/td>\nIhr seid bestimmt m\u00fcde.<\/em><\/p>\n

(You sure are tired).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\u00a0sie, sie<\/td>\nSind<\/td>\nSind Sie Herr M\u00fcller?<\/em><\/p>\n

(Are you Mr. M\u00fcller?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Have<\/strong>\u00a0(have)<\/h2>\n

Even\u00a0haben<\/em>\u00a0can be alone and means “to have”.\u00a0When used as an auxiliary verb, it is essential to form the\u00a0Perfekt<\/em>\u00a0(perfect):<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Er hat ein Buch gelesen<\/em>\u00a0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    (He read a book.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    ich<\/td>\nhab<\/strong>\u00a0e<\/td>\nGestern habe ich einen Kuchen gebacken.<\/em><\/p>\n

    (I made a cake yesterday).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    du<\/td>\nhas<\/strong>\u00a0st<\/td>\nHast du eine Freundin?<\/em><\/p>\n

    (You are engaged?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    er, si, eg<\/td>\nhas<\/strong>\u00a0t<\/td>\nEr hat keine Geschwister.<\/em><\/p>\n

    (He has no siblings).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    wir<\/td>\nhab<\/strong>\u00a0in<\/td>\nWir haben im Moment keine Zeit.<\/em><\/p>\n

    (We don’t have time at the moment).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    ihr<\/td>\nhab<\/strong>\u00a0t<\/td>\nHabt ihr ein Auto?<\/em><\/p>\n

    (Do you have a car?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    sie, sie<\/td>\nhab<\/strong>\u00a0in<\/td>\nSie had nie genug Geld.<\/em><\/p>\n

    (They never have enough money).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    <\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Werden (to become)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    If he is alone, the verb\u00a0werden means “to become<\/strong>.\u00a0”\u00a0<\/strong>As an auxiliary it is used to form the future and the passive:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Future<\/strong>\u00a0: subject\u00a0+ werden<\/em>\u00a0+\u00a0another verb<\/strong>\u00a0(in infinitive) Ich\u00a0werde\u00a0<\/em>in den Urlaub\u00a0<\/em>fliegen<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0(I’m going on a vacation by plane.) Morgen werden wir p\u00fcnktlich sein.\u00a0(We will be on time tomorrow).<\/li>\n
    • Passive<\/strong>\u00a0: subject +\u00a0werden<\/em>\u00a0+\u00a0another verb<\/strong>\u00a0(past participle)\u00a0Die Autos\u00a0<\/em>werden gewaschen<\/em>\u00a0.\u00a0(The cars are washed.) Der Kuchen wird gegessen.\u00a0(He eats the cake).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      ich<\/td>\nwerd and<\/strong><\/td>\nIch werde langsam ungeduldig!<\/em><\/p>\n

      (I’m starting to lose my temper!)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      du<\/td>\nwirst<\/strong><\/td>\nDu bist aber gro\u00df geworden!<\/em><\/p>\n

      (How big you have become!)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      er, si, eg<\/td>\nstrange<\/strong><\/td>\nIm Juni wird sie drei\u00dfig.<\/em><\/p>\n

      (He will turn thirty in June).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      wir<\/td>\nWerden<\/strong><\/td>\nWir werden is versuchen<\/em>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

      (We’ll try.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      ihr<\/td>\nWerdet<\/strong><\/td>\nWas m\u00f6chtet ihr werden, wenn ihr gro\u00df seid?<\/em><\/p>\n

      (What job do you want to do when you grow up?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      sie, sie<\/td>\nWerden<\/strong><\/td>\nSie werden von uns kontaktiert!<\/em><\/p>\n

      ((She) will be contacted by us!)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      M\u00f6gen und m\u00f6chten<\/strong>\u00a0(to like and love)<\/h2>\n

      M\u00f6gen is a verb that does not have an exact translation in Spanish.\u00a0It corresponds to the English like, therefore it expresses a less strong predilection for “love”.\u00a0It often occurs in contexts where \u201cMe gusta\u2026\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0is used in Spanish and is generally followed by a noun.<\/p>\n

      M\u00f6gen behaves like modal verbs: it is irregular and the third person singular is equal to the first person.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u00a0ich<\/td>\n\u00a0May –<\/strong><\/td>\nIch mag keine Bananen.<\/em><\/p>\n

      (I do not like bananas).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \u00a0du<\/td>\n\u00a0magst<\/strong><\/td>\nMagst du Krimis?<\/em><\/p>\n

      (Do you like yellows?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \u00a0er, si, eg<\/td>\n\u00a0May –<\/strong><\/td>\nSie mag ihre neuen Nachbarn nicht besonders<\/em>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

      (He doesn’t have much sympathy for the new neighbors.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      wir<\/td>\n\u00a0m\u00f6gen<\/strong><\/td>\nWir m\u00f6gen nur warmes Wetter.<\/p>\n

      (We just like warm weather).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \u00a0ihr<\/td>\n\u00a0m\u00f6gt<\/strong><\/td>\nIhr m\u00f6gt nur Omas Schweinebraten<\/em>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

      (You just like Grandma’s pork knuckle.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      sie, sie<\/td>\n\u00a0m\u00f6gen<\/strong><\/td>\nSie m\u00f6gen dich sehr.<\/em><\/p>\n

      (They love you so much)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      It is important to distinguish\u00a0m\u00f6gen<\/em>\u00a0from\u00a0m\u00f6chten<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0which is actually the subjunctive of m\u00f6gen, but has achieved the status of an independent verb.\u00a0The\u00a0meaning is that of “I would like, would you like …”<\/strong>\u00a0, that is to say, it is used as a more attenuated and polite way of “wanting”, for example, also to order in a restaurant or to offer something to someone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u00a0ich<\/td>\n\u00a0m\u00f6chte<\/strong><\/td>\nIch m\u00f6chte einen gemischten Salat.<\/em><\/p>\n

      (I would like a mixed salad).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \u00a0du<\/td>\n\u00a0m\u00f6chtest<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u00f6chtest du einen Kaffee?<\/em><\/p>\n

      (Would you like a coffee?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \u00a0er, si, eg<\/td>\n\u00a0m\u00f6chte<\/strong><\/td>\nEr m\u00f6chte bald nach Italien fahren.<\/em><\/p>\n

      (He would like to go to Italy soon).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \u00a0wir<\/td>\n\u00a0m\u00f6chten<\/strong><\/td>\nWir m\u00f6chten zwei Bier.<\/em><\/p>\n

      (We would like two beers).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      ihr<\/td>\n\u00a0m\u00f6chtet<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u00f6chtet ihr mit ins Kino how?<\/em><\/p>\n

      (Do you want to come to the movies?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      sie, Sie m\u00f6chten<\/td>\n\u00a0m\u00f6chten<\/strong><\/td>\nSie ein St\u00fcck Torte zum\u00a0<\/em>Kaffee?<\/em><\/p>\n

      (Do you want a piece of cake with coffee?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      Wollen<\/strong>\u00a0(want)<\/h2>\n

      Here’s another important modal verb: wollen.\u00a0In the singular the vowel changes from oai, the first and third person are identical.\u00a0He has quite a strong character<\/strong>.\u00a0For this reason, especially in formal contexts, we tend to replace it with m\u00f6chten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u00a0ich<\/td>\n\u00a0be –<\/strong><\/td>\nHa, ich will.<\/em><\/p>\n

      (If I want to marry you).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \u00a0du<\/td>\n\u00a0Willst<\/strong><\/td>\nImmer willst du Recht bekommen!<\/em><\/p>\n

      (You always want to be right!)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      er, si, eg<\/td>\n\u00a0be –<\/strong><\/td>\nEr will keine Kinder.<\/em><\/p>\n

      (He does not want (to have) children).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      wir<\/td>\n\u00a0wollen<\/strong><\/td>\nWollen wir uns morgen treffen?<\/em><\/p>\n

      (Do we want to see you tomorrow?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \u00a0ihr<\/td>\n\u00a0Wolf<\/strong><\/td>\nWollt ihr zum Abendessen bleiben?<\/em><\/p>\n

      (Are you staying for dinner?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      sie, sie<\/td>\n\u00a0wollen<\/strong><\/td>\nAm Samstag wollen sie nicht arbeiten.<\/em><\/p>\n

      (They don’t want to work on Saturdays).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      M\u00fcssen<\/strong>\u00a0(duty)<\/h2>\n

      With\u00a0m\u00fcssen we always mean a duty or a need.\u00a0<\/strong>Note that it is quite an “extreme” form, so don’t use it to make sentences like “I have to get married in December.”\u00a0– a native speaker would open his eyes and ask: why “must” necessarily?<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u00a0ich<\/td>\n\u00a0muss –<\/strong><\/td>\nIch muss zur Toilette.<\/em><\/p>\n

      (I have to (implied: go) to the bathroom.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      du<\/td>\n\u00a0musst<\/strong><\/td>\nDu musst jetzt erst die Hausaufgaben machen.<\/em><\/p>\n

      (Now you must do your homework first).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      er, si, eg<\/td>\n\u00a0muss –<\/strong><\/td>\nSie muss sich beeilen.<\/em><\/p>\n

      (Should hurry.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      wir<\/td>\n\u00a0M\u00fcssen<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u00fcssen wir das unbedingt machen?<\/em><\/p>\n

      (We have to do it?)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \u00a0ihr<\/td>\n\u00a0m\u00fcsst<\/strong><\/td>\nIhr m\u00fcsst jetzt gut aufpassen!<\/em><\/p>\n

      (Now you have to be very careful).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \u00a0sie, sie<\/td>\n\u00a0M\u00fcssen<\/strong><\/td>\nSie m\u00fcssen das Haus verkaufen.<\/em><\/p>\n

      (They have to sell the house).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

       <\/p>\n\n\n

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      \n \u00a1D\u00e9janos unas estrellitas si te ha gustado el post!<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Auxiliary verbs and modal in\u00a0German There are six modal verbs in\u00a0German, which\u00a0are k\u00f6nnen, d\u00fcrfen, wollen, m\u00f6gen, sollen, and m\u00fcssen.\u00a0According to...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2637,"featured_media":9049,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8080,8092,8093,8082],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-level-a2-levels","category-level-b1-levels","category-level-b2-levels","category-learn-german","post_format-post-format-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/elblogdeidiomas.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6486","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/elblogdeidiomas.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/elblogdeidiomas.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elblogdeidiomas.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2637"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elblogdeidiomas.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6486"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/elblogdeidiomas.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6486\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9051,"href":"https:\/\/elblogdeidiomas.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6486\/revisions\/9051"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elblogdeidiomas.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9049"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/elblogdeidiomas.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6486"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elblogdeidiomas.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6486"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elblogdeidiomas.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6486"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}